Change-speed gearing.



, PATBNTED FEB. 27, 1906. 11.3. ST'AGKS. CHANGE SPEED GEARING.

APPLICATION I'ILIJD NOV. 29,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED FEB. 27, 1906., H. R. STAGKS. CHANGE SPEED GBARING. APPLIGATIQ'N FILED NOV. 29, 190 4.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED FEB. 27, 1906.

H. R. STAOKS.

CHANGE SPEED GEARING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29,1904

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A UNITED STATES PATENT orrron.

HOWARD ROY STACKS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNQR TO GEO. V. CRESSON (10., OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CHANGE-SPEED GEARING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 27, 1906..

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HOWARD RoY Snare, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia, and in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Change-Speed Gearing; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the change-speed gearing embodying my invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively transverse sectional views, on an en larged scale, of the gearing shown in Fig. 1, taken, respectively, on the lines 2 2 and 3- 3 of Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 4 is an end view, on

' an enlarged scale, with head removed and reversing-gears shown in section.

The object of my invention has been to provide a change-speed gearing which shall have, among others, any or all of the following advantages: That of being capable of being contained in a compact casing that can be readily placed in any desired location-as,

- for instance, upon an' automobilethat of being comparatively simple, that of being efficient, that of being capable of producing any desired number of changes of speed, of not requiring great accuracy in its construction, and of having its parts so arranged that they shall be readily accessible without requiring the dismantling of other parts; and to such ends my invention consists in the change-speed gearing hereinafter specified.

in carrying my invention into practice I preferably provide a casing A, which is preferably substantially circular in cross-section and which preferably consists of a body (1, having one head a formed integral therewith. The opposite head a is preferably removable. In the heads of the casing are formed alining bearings (1, and a, respectively, each of such bearings being closed by term units, the gearing in one or more of a stufling-box of any desired construction. The casing contains any desired number of what I which can .be employed in such a way that a number of changes ofspeed can be commu nicated from the driving-shaft'to the driven shaft, which number is usually proportional to the square of the number of units employed. Each unit is mounted upon a separate shaft, the said shafts alining with the bearings a and a. The driving-shaft B is mounted in the bearing a in the head a. The shafts C, D, and E of each of the three units are respectively mounted in brackets F, G, and H, which are preferably of such form as to fit the circular portion of the body A and each of which is provided with a lug f,

g, and h, respectively, which receives a camshaft I, that is mounted in the lower portion of the frame, the brackets by their engagement with the cam-shaft being prevented from turning in the casing.

The driving-shaft B has keyed to it a gear K and enters the hub Z of a friction-disk L,

that is also journaled on the shaft C. The friction-disk L is provided with any desired number of bosses l, (preferably three,) each of which is provided with a ournal for a spindle M, the said spindle having keyed to one end thereof a pinion N, that meshes with the gear K on the driving-shaft, and having keyed to its other end a gear 0, that meshes with a gear P, which latter is keyed to the shaft C. A second friction-disk Q is preferably journaled on a bushing Z carried by the frictiondisk L, and is provided with openings to permit the passage throughit ofthe bosses Z. One of the said bosses is preferably provided with fiat radially-extendin sides 1 and the disk Q is fitted to said s aces, so that while the latter disk can move toward and away from the former disk in a direction parallel to the shafts the said disks are caused to rotate together. The hub of the disk Q, is provided with a friction-cone q, which is adapted to coact with a complemental friction-cone R, that is secured to the shaft G in any desired manner, as by being screwed to the gear P. A spring S is mounted between the disks L and Q, in any desired manner, as within a recess formed in the friction-disk q, so that the said spring tends to move the'said disks away from each other. The disks and Q are provided u on their peripheries with oppositelyincline conica surfaces 1 and q respectively, and friction-bands T and U are provided to cooperate with said surfaces not only to hold the said disks from rotation, but to force them to ether. The disks T and U are each provide with a V-shapedgroove 15 and a, respectively, which may extend for substantially half a circle to engage the conical surfaces on the peripheries of the frictiondisk. Each band is provided with an upwardly-extending lug t and a, respectively, each of which lugs is adapted to engage a screw t or other stationary but adjustable projection in the upper portion of the casing.

' The lower ends of the bands T and U are respectively provided with opposite lugs t and M, which are adapted to receive a spring V, that thus tends to move the free ends of the friction-bands away from each other. The band T is provided with an arm t, that extends beneath the lower end of the band U,

and a lever W is pivoted upon pins t and respectively, which are secured in the ends of the respective friction-bands, so that the tilting of the lever shall tend to draw the bands together against the stress of the spring V and to cause them to embrace the frictiondisks. The lever W is provided with an arm w, which is adapted to engage projections 00 by itself or that any two or more units may I ions N on the first unit.

be caused to operate in any desired combination of units. The cam-shaft is j ournaled in the head a and in the arms f, g, and h of the brackets F, G, and H, respectively. The camshaft is provided with any convenient means for turning it, as with a bevel-gear i, that is engaged by a bevel-pinion 'i upon a hollow shaft P, that extends through a stufling-box in the casing and is provided with a handwheel i The shaft C is provided upon the end op posite to that next the driving-shaft with a gear Y, corresponding to the gear K on the drivingshaft, and said gear meshes with. inions on the second unit, corresponding wit the pin- Each unit is or may be precisely like the first unit, which has been described in detail, except that the proportion of its inions to the gears on the shafts is preferab y different from that of the other units,) and it will therefore not be necessary to describe in detail the construction of the remaining units. The shaft E of the last unit is provided upon its end 0 osite the said unit with a bevel-gear Z, wh1c is free to turn upon such shaft and which has a conical friction-surface 2, that is adapted to 006 'erate with one end of a double friction-cone the latter bein j ournaled u on the driving-shaft B. The riving-shaft has keyed to it a bevel-gear C, corresponding to the bevelear Z, and like such gear is provided with a friction-surface c, that is adapted to cooperate with the double friction-cone A, that is keyed upon the shaft E. Abevel-pinion or bevel plnions D are mounted between the bevel-gears Z and A, the said pinions being mounted in any desired manner, as by studs which is adapted to be engaged by an eccentn'c G, formed on the end of a shaft G that is preferably mounted within the hollow shaft t and is provided with a handle G by which it can be turned to cause the double frictioncone to engage either the gear Z or the cone A, v

as desired.

In the operation of the above-illustrated embodiment of my invention the cams X havin been provided with the roper number 0% projections a:, properly ocated, the cam-shaft I is turned to cause, for instance, the friction-bands of the first unit to hold the frictiondisks thereof stationary. Motion will then be communicated from the drivingshaft to the driven shaft in the following manner: The gear K .will drive the pinion N, which through the spindle M will drive the pinion O. The latter will drive the pinion P, the speed of the latter pinion being dependent upon the roportion of the gearing. The pinion P will e free to revolve independently of the disk Q, because the friction-bands having forced the disk Q against the disk L have withdrawn the friction-cone g from the friction-cone R, compressin the s ring S. As

the levers W of the secon and t 'rd units are not engaged by their respective earns, the friction-bands of such units will be forced apart by theirs rin s V, and consequently both friction-dis s 0 both of said units will be free to revolve. of the said units will have forced the cones q thereof into en agement with the cones R thereof under t e action of the springs S. The taper of the cones q and R is made such that the friction roduced by the pressure of the s rings S wil be sufficient to cause the to be driven from the cone q without other means of holding the said cones together. Therefore in each of the second and third units the cones q and R will be in engagement with each other, so that all of the alining shafts C, D, and E will be con led together and the speed of the gearPwill e that of the speed of the shaft E, which s eedwill be communicated directly or reverse to the driving-shaft B according as the double friction cone A is in engagement with the ear Z or with the gear C P of the second unit will e revolved at the same rate of speed, owing to the fact that their respective shafts are coupled together, the pinions N and O of such unit will not rcvolve upon their axes, but will simply rcvolve with the disks L and Q without relative rotation. The same state of facts will exist Moreover, the springs S ICC As the ear Y an the gear with reference to the third unit or any subsequent unit. If it is desired to drive the driving-shaft at the speed of the second unit instead of the first, the lever W of the second unit-is raised by means of its respective cam, causing the friction-bands to embrace and hold the friction-disks L and Q of the second unit, the lever W of the first unit being at the same time released, so that the friction-bands are forced apart and release the disks L and Q of the first unit and leave the spring S thereof free to'cause a driving engagement between the friction-cones q and R. Thus the shafts B and C will be coupled together, the shaft D will be driven from the shaft C through the gears and pinions of the second unit, and the shaft E will be cou led to the shaft Y, so that all of the change 0 speed will be due to the gearing of the second unit. In the same manner by releasing the frictionbands of the second unit and en aging those of the third unit the speed can In varied in proportion to the gearing of the third unit alone. By driving through the gearing of the first and second units the result obtained will be a speed which is the roduct of the speed of the first unit multip ied by that of t e second unit, the third unit bein eliminated. In this manner a speed c ua to the product of the speeds of any two 0 the units can be used or to a product of all threeu'nits can be obtained, and each. of these many speeds can be reversed by movementof the handle G It will be observed that my variable-speed gearing has, among others, the following ad vantages: While giving a large variety of speeds, it is very compact and comparatively simple. It is adapted to be entirely inclosed in a casing, so that such casing can be filled with oil, and the gearing thus operated in a bath of oil. 1

It is obvious thatvarious changes can be made in the above-illustrated construction which will be within the scope of my invention, and I desire not to be limited beyond the language ofmy claims and the requirements of the prior art.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is I 1. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a

train of gears and a reversing means, a camshaft, means whereby a cam on said shaft may be caused to connect said first-mentioned shafts through said train of gears or not as desired, said reversing means comprising a double reversed cone-pulley and corresponding clutch members, a lever for shifting said cone to engage either of said clutch members, said lever being provided with a slot, a

hollow hand-shaft geared to said cam-shaft, and a hand-shaft concentric with said firstmentioned shaft and havin an eccentric-pin to engage said slot and said ever.

2. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a series of trains of gears, and a reversing means, a cam-shaft, means whereby cams on said shaft may be caused to connect said firstmentioned shafts through either or all of said trains of gears, or not, as desired, said reversing means comprising a double reversed conepulley and corresponding clutch members, a ever for shifting said cone to engage either of said clutch members,said lever being provided with a slot, a hollow hand-shaft geared to said cam-shaft, and a hand-shaft concentric with said first-mentioned shaft and having an eccentric-pin toengage said slot and said lever.

3. In a change-speed caring, the combination of a substantial y cylindrical case closed by heads at the opposite ends, alining drivin and driven shafts substantially coaxial with said case, a cam-shaft parallel to said first-mentioned shafts, a series of trains of gears, means operated by the cams on said cam-shaft, whereby said driving and driven shafts may be connected or not through any one or more of said trains of gears, a reversing means interposed between said driving and driven shafts, said reversing means comprising a double reversed cone-pulley, female "cone-pulleys, each of which is adapted to coact with one end of said cone-pulley, a bearing-lug formed on the adjacent head of said casing, a lever fulcrumed on said bearinglug, shoes pivoted to said lever and engaging a neck formed on said cone-pulley, concentric hand-shafts, one of which is geared to said cam-shaft, and the other of which is provided with an eccentric-pin enga ing a slot in said lever, said female cone-pu eys .being provided with gear-teeth, and an idler pinion (1)11." pinions meshing with both sets of gearteet 4. In a change-speed gearing, the combimounted upon each of said shafts, a c utch' 'member secured to one of'said'shafts, a disk concentric With said shafts and provided with a complemental clutch member and asecond disk concentric with said shafts, a spindle or spindles projecting from the opposite faces of said second disk, pinions mounted upon the opposite ends of each of said spindles, which pinions mesh with said first-mentioned gears,

means for holding said disks fromrotation and means for causing said clutch members to be engaged.

5. In a change-speed caring, the combination of driving and (friven shafts, ears mounted-upon each of said shafts, a c utch member on one of said shafts said clutch member being located between said gears, disks concentric to said shafts and'located between said gears, a clutch member complemental to said first-mentioned-clutchmember mounted on one of said disks, pinions IIO i whereby said disks may be held from rot a-.

mounted on the other of said disks which pinions are adapted to transmit motion from one of said gears to the other thereof, means located between said gears, a clutch member for one of said disks, said clutch member being complemental to said first clutch member, spindles journaled in the other of said disks,

pinions mounted u on said spindles upon opposite faces'of sai disks, said pinions bein adapted to transmit motion from one of said gears to the other thereof, means whereby said disks may be held from rotation, and means for causing said clutch members to be engaged.

7. In a change-speed gearing,the combination of driving and driven shafts, ears, one of which is mounted u on each 0 said shafts, a clutch member or each of said shafts, said clutch members being interposed between said gears, one of said clutch members being movable and having a disk formed thereon or attached thereto, a spring adapted to throw said movable clutch member into operative position, pinions carried by said disk, which pinions are adapted to transmit motion from one to the other of said gears, and means for retracting said clutch member and for holding said disks from rotation.

8.. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of a driving-shaft, a driven shaft, a gear and a clutch member mounted u on each of said shafts, a disk, pinions carried by said disk, said pinions being adapted to transmit motion from one to the other of said shafts, one of said disks being provided with a projection and the other of said disks with a slot that is adapted to receive said projection, whereby relative rotary movement is prevented between said disks, means for causing said clutch members to be engaged,

. and means whereby said disks may be prevented from rotation.

9. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of driving and driven shafts, ears, one of which is mounted on each 0 said shafts, clutch members interposed between said gears, a disk secured to one of said clutch members, a second disk, pinions mounted on said second disk, sald inions be ing adapted to transmit motion the other of said gears, one of said disks bein provided with a projection and the other of said disks with a slot that is adapted to receive said projection, a spring adapted to cause engagement of said clutch members,

om one tofrom rotation.

10. In a change-speed gearing, the 'combination of driving and driven shafts, ears,

one of which is mounted upon each 0 saidshafts, a clutch member inter osed between said gears, a disk secured to said clutch member for operating the latter, a second disk having bosses or projections formed thereon, spindles journaled insaid bosses, said firstmentioned disks being provided with openings that are adapted to receive said projections, pinions mounted upon said spindles upon opposite faces of the second-mentioned disk, said pinions engaging said gears, means whereby said disks may be separated to enage sald clutch members, and means whereby said disks may held from rotation.

11. In a change-speed gearin the combination of driving and driven s afts, a gear mounted on each of said shafts, clutch members inte osed between said gears, a disk secured to t e movable clutch member for operating the latter, a second disk,pinions carried bysaid second disk and adapted to-transmit motion from one to the other of said gears, said disks being provided with o posite conical surfaces, bands rovided wit V- sha ed grooves that are adhpted to engage said conical surfaces, and means whereby said bands may be caused to grip said surfaces.

12. Ina change-speed gearin the combination of driving and driven s afts, a gear mounted on each of said shafts, clutch members interposed between said gears, a disk secured to the movable clutch member for retracting the latter, a second disk, a s indie or spindles journaled in said second d fsk, pinions mounted on said spindles and adapted to transmit motion from one to the other of said gears, a sprin interposed between said disks for forcing 51c movable member of said clutch into enga ement, the edges of said disks being provi ed with oppositely-inclined conical surfaces, and bands having \I-shaped rooves that are ada ted to engage said suraces to force said dis their rotation.

13. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of driving and driven shafts, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other of said shafts, said gearing comprising a disk or disks, and means for holding said disk or disks from rotation, said means comprising substantially semicircular friction-b ands, one of such bands being rovided with an L- sha ed end, a lever lvoted to the ends of sai bands, said ban s being provided with opposing ins, and a spring mounted upon saidpins or separating said bands.

14. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of a substantially cylindrical casing, driving and driven shafts having bearings in together and prevent be drawn together and v the opposite ends of said casing, one end of said casing being removable, a series of units of change-speed gearing, each of which has connection with said shafts or with another of said units, said connections permitting disconnection simply by movement in the direction of the axes of said shafts, a camshaft for operating said change-speed gearing, and bearing-brackets fitting the bore of said casing and provided with lugs for engagement with said cam-shaft, whereby the necessity for fastening said bearing-bracket to said casing is avoided.

15. In a change-speed gearing, the combination of driving and driven shafts, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other 

